MACHIAVELLI'S VIEW ON MORALITY / ETHICS
- He separated Morality and Politics. In this regard he gave the concept of dual morality; he argued that morality of prince is different form morality of an ordinary person.
- However, he should only follow morality of Politics in his public sphere, but Prince is free to follow ordinary morality in his personal affairs.
- According to him, Politics has its own morality which is the National- Interest andPrince should follow the morality of politics i.e his actions and decisions must be guided by national- interest.
- He believed that "In politics ends justify the means". The separation between ends and means is most defining characteristic of Machiavellianism.
- .In Politics achieving end(National Interest) is most important, he believed that Prince should achieve the end through any means i.e. moral or immoral.
- He was the first to establish the autonomy of politics from morality.he advocate that political action should not be judge from the yardstick of morality .the yardstikof politics is national interest
- According to Machiavelli, what may be morally wrong can be politically correct. If Prince is able to Protect National Interest through his actions then is actions are justified and morally correct.
Criticism Machiavelli's Viws on Moraility or Ethics
- However, Gandhi in his hind swaraj criticized the view of Machiavelli on Morality.
- He argued that same coin can't have two monetary values; similarly morality as a concept can't have two interpretations. He said that morality must be followed in politics. He emphasized on Purity of means.
- According to Gandhi, means and ends are equally important.He argued, Politics without morality is 'death trap ' it is illogical to expect the rose flowers by sowing the seed of babool. Gandhi Claimed Machiavelli's idea as 'Satanic
MACHIAVELLI'S VIEWS ON RELIGION
- Like politics and morality/ ethics; Machiavelli also separated the religion and Politics. He was against the interference of the church in political affairs, he was not against the religion, however he was against the practice of religion which was propagated by church. In his eyes Church was a corrupt institution and biggest impediment tin the unification of Italy.
- He took the Utilitarian approach towards the religion:
- He wanted to use the religion in favour of Prince and Political affairs.
- According to him; religion is disciplinary force, which Prohibits the people form committing wrong or sins(Crimes) because Qf fear of religion(God).
- Thus,.religion is helpful in controlling crimes and ensuring smooth functioning of State.
- He suggested the prince to exploit the religious emotion of common people in order to continue his rule.
- He suggested the Prince that he should appear religious in Public even Prince has no faith in religion.
- He appealed the Prince to use religion for the sake of ional Interest.
- According to him, Religion should not use the prince rather Prince should be in Position to use religion
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