ALTERNATIVE PERSPECTIVE OF GLOBALIZATION

1. The hyperglobalist perspective

They claim that contemporary social relations have become thoroughly globalized. They also regard globalization as the single most important fact of contemporary history. Which is bringing development and prosperity to the world. Hence it is the optimistic view of globalization.

Supporters : 

1. Kenichi Ohmae
2. Theodore Levitt 
3. Thomas Friedman 
4. J.D Sachs.
 5. R Reich

Following are the assumptions of hyper-globalists on globalization.

1. Promote world peace:- they advocate that globalization brings interconnectedness & interdependence among the different societies. They will enhance mutual cooperation which finally establishes world peace which is essential for human security and economic well-being.
2. Faster economic growth:- globalization promotes F.D.1 which leads to infrastructural developments, which finally result in faster economic growth. 
3. Optimum resource utilization:- the developed countries are rich in resources, however, they do not have the appropriate technology to harness them, but through globalization, there would be technological flow, which would finally benefit underdeveloped and developing nations.
4. They believe in the demise of nation-states:- due is globalization the MNCS and International Organizations are getting prominence which is gradually leading to the demise of the nation-state.
5. They neglect the national economies:- they believe that the national economy is not important because the national economy is dependent upon global circumstances.

Note :- #they perceive globalization (after 1990  ) as reality.

2. The sceptical perspective

They perceive globalization as a myth. And if there is some sort of process which may be referred as "globalization" then also it is not capable enough to bring development rather it is creating poverty and problem in the society.

 • Supporters
1.G. Thompson. .
2. P. Hirst.

following are the assumptions of skeptics:-

1. Danger to world peace :- globalization is doing nothing but trying to impose western culture all over the world to which local culture perceive as the threat ,which lead to "clash of civilization" as referred by Samuel P. Huntington.
2.  Poverty rather than faster economic growth :- globalization promotes migration which result into burden on resources, globalization also lead to mechanization which rather lead to under-employment & unemployment .
3. Nation-states are importance :- they are still important and sovereign as they play important role in national and international affairs.
4. They give importance to national economies :- because according to them international economy is nothing but the aggregate on national economies. Hence we can finally conclude that they present the "pessimistic" view on globalization.

3. Transformationalist perspective

They are moderate and assume the centrist position in terms of and effect of globalization. presence According to this view, globalization plays an important role in restructuring the world order and it is also creating rapid social, economic and political changes. However, this is not the only process that has transformed world history.

They acknowledge the importance of nation-states however they also advocate for restricting nation-states.

 On the other hand, they reject the purely state-centric view, because there is the emergence of new political organizations in the global domain.

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